MEDT+8461

__**Project 1**__

Mary Elizabeth King June 6, 2014
 * 8461 Project 1 **

Social media is increasingly becoming a part of our everyday life. For this assignment, I reviewed 10 articles on social media use in education. There are many articles available on this topic. The articles that I chose were articles that I found relevant to trying to implement social media into the classroom. Some of the articles showed not much faculty use in implementing social media. Others showed a great deal of businesses using social media. The issues that were brought up in some of these articles are very relevant issues with implementing social media into the classroom. These articles will provide anyone interested in implementing social media into their classroom with a realistic view of the positives and negatives of trying to incorporate it into a classroom environment.
 * Introduction **

Lin, M., Hoffman, E., & Borengasser, C. (2013). Is social media too social for class? A case study of twitter use. //Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning//, 57(2), 39-45
 * APA Citation **

All of the authors are affiliated with the University of Hawaii. Dr. Lin is an assistant professor of educational technology. He research interests include wikibooks and youtube. Dr. Ellen Hoffman teaches educational technology. She is also the ETEC coordinator for the PhD program. Claire Borengasser has a MED in Educational Technology and is an instructor with the Department of Education.
 * Authors **

This article discussed only 15 % of online adults subscribing to Twitter and only 8 % used it every day. Students willingly participated in an extra credit assignment involving Twitter. Most of the participants tweeted in the beginning of the semester but the activity quickly declined. Only four students in the study were very active with their tweets. 20 of the 22 in the study actually used Twitter to read on their website and to tweet. Several of them admitted to using their cell phones to update their Twitter activity. The functions which were considered to be more advanced were not used as frequently. An issue found with the tweets was that some tweeted regularly but did not specifically tie their tweets into their actual class. Two participants offered the suggestion of creating a different Twitter account for their personal use to keep it separate from the one from class use. One student felt that the more often they used the social networks that more of their privacy was lost.
 * Article Summary **

I found this article very interesting. Twitter seems to be the least commonly used social media by the students I teach. It is interesting to see that even though some of the participants used twitter for class that they didn’t really tie their postings in to the actual class. This article can be helpful in the future for me when looking at how Twitter is used in the classroom. If I decided to use social media in my classroom, I feel that Twitter would not be what I would choose.
 * Reflection **

Gonzalez, M. D., Davis, B.P., Lopez, D., Munoz, C., & Soto, G. (2013). "Integration of social media in higher education environments." //Insights to a Changing World Journal// 2013(3): 43-62.
 * APA Citation **

Matthew Gonzalez, PhD is an Assistant Faculty Member at the University of Incarnate Worlds’ Extended Academic Programs. Bryan P. Davis has a BSBA. Denise Lopez has a BA. Cindy Munoz has a BA. Gabriel Soto has a BBA.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article looks at the use of Social Media in higher education institutions. However, social media isn’t used much in the administrative portion of higher education. It discusses some institutions that are not taking full advantage of the use of social media. The focus is on Academic Advisors, Faculty, and Students. It discusses retention being an issue if social media is not involved. Advising Faculty are not using social media. They included information on a survey conducted at Acumen University. It showed very low usage of social media usage to communicate with students and also showed very low usage to communicate with instructors. However, most agreed that social media use with students and instructors would enhance student learning experiences. Additionally, most of the survey respondents agreed that using social media would be a good way to enhance organization among the institution. It was suggested that social media usage could be added as a way of improving communication while still continuing to use older more traditional ways of communication.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">As the article showed, social media isn’t being used by academic advisors. I don’t feel that it should be. Students need to be able to communicate face to face or by email with advisors. I don’t think social media is the place to be advised. The only thing I think that would perhaps be acceptable would be if advisors had an announcement posted about upcoming advising or something like that.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kelm, O. R. (2011). "Social media: It’s what students do." Business Communication Quarterly 74(4): 505-520.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Orlando Kelm is an Associate professor at the University of Texas- Austin. He is also an Associate Director of Business Language Education for the Center for International Business Education and Research.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article discusses the effects social media can have on business communication. Specifically, it looks at how social media was implemented into courses at the University of Texas at Austin. This study tells of educators being reluctant to try new things in education. It suggests looking at how society actually communicates and interacts. He then says that education should try things which were similar. Technology can promote engagement, working together as teams, and allows us to get feedback from others. Additionally, we can connect with others that have vast areas of knowledge. It looks at how blogs were used with an International Business course that went to China. Students also used a LESCANT Database. This database focuses on Language Environment, Social Organization, Context, Authority, Nonverbal, and Time. Students also incorporated the use of YouTube video clips. The article mentioned using social media allowed students to connect their learning to the real world.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article was very relevant for what I see in my school. Many educators are reluctant as it stated, to try new things. The incorporation of Youtube clips by the students was interesting. This is something that I believe my Junior High students would enjoy. I agree that social media is a good way for students to be able to connect what they learn to the real world.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nathan, L.P., MacGougan, A., & Shaffer, E., (2014). "If not us, who? Social media policy and the iSchool classroom." //Journal of Education for Library & Information Science// 55(2): 112-132.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Lisa Nathan is an Assistant Professor and Coordinator at the University of British Columbia. She is interested in Information Systems design. She was nominated for the WISE 2013 Instructor of the year. Alice MacGougan is a librarian at the Newport Oregon Public Library. Previously she was a graduate research assistant at the University of British Columbia. Elizabeth Shaffer is a graduate research assistant at the University of British Columbia. She received the Piternick PhD Research Award at the University of British Columbia in 2013.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Authors **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article looks at how social media is used in the classroom. Specifically, it focuses on creating environments that will allow students to ethically, effectively, and reflectively use social media. Many challenges are present with the use of social media in the classroom. These are explored as well as opportunities that are available with the use of social media in the classroom. It focuses on iSchools. These schools actually use public platforms for their educational purposes. The important thing that it mentions here is the ethically responsible use of social media. It discusses educators needing to be well informed to use social media in the classroom. They discussed developing a school wide approach for using social media in the classroom. It was discussed how using social media in the classroom may possibly cause some laws to be compromised. While it was discussed how social media had led to an increase in student engagement, they also discussed some problems that could arise. Some problems that were discussed were record creation and management, privacy concerns, intellectual property concerns, as well as security concerns.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article was very relevant. It discussed a very real concern with using social media in the classroom. If we are to use social media effectively in the classroom, students must know how to do so ethically. Many students in the age group that I teach (mostly 9th graders) have no concept of what is ethical and what is unethical. They post any and everything on social media. While using social media can be useful, the concerns that were raised in this article such as privacy and security concerns must not be taken lightly when considering using these technologies in the classroom.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.5;">Blank, G. Blurring the boundaries: New social media, new social science (NSMNSS), Warc LTD.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Grant Blank of the Oxford Institute wrote this article. His interests include social and cultural aspects of the internet. He also focuses on new technologies.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The article refers to social media as both having strengths and also having weaknesses. It discusses how easy and cost effective using social media is to collect data. The data is easy to analyze since it is already digital. Data can be presented in many forms such as audio, video, photo, or text. Since social media behavior is recorded as blog postings, tweets, Facebook postings, etc. it helps reliability and helps with some of the measuring. It also looked at how data could be gotten without a subject even knowing that they were being watched. This seems to be an ethical problem. Bias is a problem when using social media data. Most samples that can be obtained would be samples that were convenient samples. Also, people who don’t use social media, or non-users would not be able to be reached. When knowledge questions were used it is mentioned that it is hard to get an accurate response since respondents could google an answer. An ethical problem that was mentioned was that anonymity is very weak when using social media.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article brought up some very valid concerns with social media. Data is so easy to collect from social media. However, it could be very easy to collect data without actually asking permission. Although posts are public, is it ok to use them in data without asking? It also brought up a very valid point about the non-users of social media who would not be reached.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Chen, B., & Bryer, T. (2012). Investigating instructional strategies for using social media in formal and informal learning. //International Review of Research in Open & Distance Learning//, 13(1), 87-104
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Baiyun Chen is an Instructional designer at the University of Central Florida. She has conducted research on instructional strategies in online teaching and learning and emerging technologies in education. Dr. Thomas Bryer is an Associate Professor for the Center for Public and Nonprofit Management at the University of Central Florida. He does research on public collaboration and participation in many sections of society.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Authors **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Chen and Dr. Bryer focus this article on social media. They discuss how even though social media is very popular for personal use, social media has low usage for educational purposes. Their study reviews 8 instructors that are in the public administration discipline. They talk about how the instructors believe that they could integrate the informalness of social media into their formal lessons to increase student engagement. This social media discussion focused on blogs, media sharing, Facebook, and virtual worlds. This specifically focused on web based or Web 2.0 tools. It discussed how collaboration was the most important part of social learning. How can informal learning be connected to formal learning? Users can be more engaged by utilizing different multimedia formats. In a study by FSSE in 2010, it was noted that 80% of the surveyed faculty members never used social media technologies in their classroom instruction. CMS was the only thing reported that the faculty showed an extensive use of. There was little research shown about exactly how the instructors incorporated social media into their classroom platforms.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article was very interesting for me. Since I also teach as an adjunct at a Technical College I found it very interesting that they showed that social media was not used much for educational purposes. I know that I don’t use it in my classroom, but had never really thought about if others did so on the college level. I do see how Facebook could be used to remind students of assignments. However, I feel that many students may not want to add a class, or professor. They may feel like a professor would be snooping to see what they were doing while not in the classroom.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Abe, P., & Jordan, N. A. (2013). Integrating social media into the classroom curriculum. //About Campus//, 18(1), 16-20.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Paige Abe serves as a community director in the Department of Housing and Residential Education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has conducted research regarding faculty involvement and academic initiatives in the residence hall. Nickolas A. Jordan, PhD, LMFt, serves as an assistant professor of Marriage and Family Therapy at Appalachian State University. His area of research interest includes social media.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article discusses social media and technology and how they are such a part of life for today’s college students. It looks at the popular question of is using social media in the classroom worth the hassle? Social media allows students to interact with one another and may lead to an increase in engagement by students if used in the classroom. A study mentioned in the article says that “nearly two-thirds of all teaching faculty have used social media in their class sessions…and 30% have posted content for students to view outside class”. Social media is used to facilitate discussion as well as to serve as a reflection tool. It also touches on the idea of social media potentially taking students’ attention away from lecture content. This article shows how one instructor of a large class had students tweet the answers to questions. Some students were not comfortable with the idea of connecting with instructors on Facebook. They felt it would mix their personal life with their educational life. “Social media can serve as a cost-efficient tool for educators to use, as well as an effective tool to supplement and augment the delivery of course material and development of important intellectual skills”.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">It was interesting to me to see who social media was used to facilitate discussions. It could be helpful as a way to get students engaged while not in the classroom. However, there are those who would only use social media for personal reasons too. I do agree that some students may not want to connect with their instructors on Facebook. I understand how they would want to keep their personal and their educational life separate.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jacobsen, W. A., & Forste, R. (2011). The wired generation: Academic and social outcomes of electronic media use among university students. //Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14//(5).
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Wade Jacobson has a BS and is part of the department of Sociology at Brigham Young University. Dr. Forste is a professor of Sociology at Brigham Young University. Her main research focus is on children.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Authors **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article looks at the relationship between a student’s social media use and their first semester in college grades. It discusses social media such as instant messaging, cell phones, social networking sites, online games, and television or movie viewing. It was noted that students who tend to instant message are distracted more than others while working on academic tasks. It also took longer for students to read if they were instant messaging at the same time. It was suggested to use a time diary to accurately study time spent on social media. Surveyed students showed an average of 2 hours and 46 minutes each day using offline social interaction. They reported using 52 minutes a day on Facebook and about 45 minutes talking on the phone or texting. 62% of respondents said that they used some kind of electronic media that was not academic while they were actually in class, studying, or doing their homework. The study concluded that “electronic media use is negatively associated with grades”.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article was very interesting. It showed exactly what I would have expected with there being a negative association with social media usage and grades. Students these days spend so much time on social media and are constantly very distracted from using it. Students try to do many things at one time, so they aren’t placing a great deal of focus on any of the things that they attempt to do at the same time. Even though students were trying to accomplish more at one time, they weren’t doing so effectively.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Vanwynsberghe, H., & Verdegem, P. (2013). Integrating social media in education. //Clcweb: Comparative Literature & Culture: A Wwweb Journal//, 15(3), 1-10.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hadewijch Vanqynsberghe is pursuing a doctorate degree at Ghent University in Communication Science. Pieter Verdegem teaches Communication Science at Ghent University.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Author **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article focuses on how to incorporate social media literacy into an educational setting. They propose using practical, cognitive, and affective competencies in order for students to effectively use social media. Boundaries between the public and private are blurred due to the use of social media. Social media is defined as “a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of User-Generated-content”. It also discusses that students should be taught media literacy. Computer access alone was not enough to increase people’s level of media literacy. It is important for students to be able to analyze and understand the content that they are viewing through the different media avenue. It is imperative that students can understand traditional perspectives as well as new perspectives of media literacy. Social media encompasses active participation by its users. The article suggests that, “attitudes can determine people’s actual behavior”. “It is not only the difficulty of writing a reaction or comment on a blog that prevents users from doing this, but it may also be due to the anxiety or fear of the (reaction of) potential users.”
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Media literacy is very important for students. The article mentions that students need to be able to understand what they are viewing in the media. I agree, and feel that all students regardless of age can benefit from a better understanding of what they are viewing. I also found it interesting that it stated that attitudes can determine people’s behavior. This makes sense to me because if a student feels that social media is boring or a waste of time, they won’t likely post things on it or be open to engage in the use of social media.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Johnson, J., & Maddox, J. (2012). Use of social media in graduate education: An exploratory review for breaking new ground. //Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice//, 12(3), 87-93.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">APA Citation **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jay Johnson and Jim Maddox are affiliated with Friends University. Dr. Jim Maddox is a Business professor at Friends University.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Authors **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This paper looks at the growth of social media. It looks at how it is used as well as how it could be used. Facebook can be used as a learning management tool. Different areas of colleges have pages to distribute information. It discusses a study that indicates language teachers were not using social networking tools. It was noted that 95% of businesses use social media while only 76% of individuals use social media. Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, FOAF, and Graduate Junction are mentioned. Social media sites allow collaboration among students which is free. Posting assignments, networking, community expertise, geographic networking, marketing, recruitment, and advisory boards were all listed as ways that social media could be used. The difficulty of selecting the appropriate social media avenue was discussed. It can be hard to decide which one to use given that there are so many social media outlets available. This article suggested using public information searches and even raised a question of actual longevity for newer sites that are just trying to make themselves known in the social media arena.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Article Summary **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">There are so many social media avenues out there that it could be hard to decide which one to use. I agree with the point it brought up about newer sites trying to make themselves known in the social media group. How could you effectively decide which one to use if you decided to incorporate it into graduate education? The collaboration aspect of social media is one that I feel could be very effectively used in Graduate courses. However, deciding which method would be the most effective for a course could be difficult.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reflection **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The articles presented in the annotated bibliography show valuable information on social media implementation in the classroom. A common them shown was little use of social media in the classroom. However, social media is widely used by businesses. It seems that educators believe that some students won’t want to connect their personal and educational lives. Another problem presented by social media is how to have students use it effectively in the classroom. While social media could cause an increase in engagement in the classroom, successfully incorporating it into the classroom could take some careful planning.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Conclusion **

__ **ABOUT THE AUTHOR** __ Mary King is a 9th grade Digital Technology teacher at C.A. Gray Jr. High school in Moultrie, GA. She is passionate about computers and loves sharing new technology with her students. This is her 5th year teaching. She also teaches Marketing at the Technical college level. She has an AA in Sociology from Waycross College, a BBA in Business Management from Valdosta State University, and a MBA in Marketing from Grand Canyon University. She is currently pursuing an EdS in Instructional Technology from the University of West Georgia. In the rare occasion that she has any spare time, she enjoys spending time with her family. She also enjoys spending time with her boyfriend of 2 1/2 years.She is looking forward to completing her EdS degree in December. After completing her EdS degree she hopes to obtain a position in higher education.

__** Project 2 **__

Project 2 consisted of a series of interviews. Interviews were conducted with a teen, young adult, adult, midlifer, and a senior. Each were asked questions regarding social media and their usage of social media. After the interviews were conducted, the interview responses were entered into the Google Form. A reflection paper was completed that featured how the interviewees were selected, details about the interview experience, lessons that I learned about interviewing and collecting data, advice I would give to future students completing a project like this, and a conclusion with my preferred age group to work with.



__**ABOUT THE AUTHOR**__ Mary King is a 9th grade Digital Technology teacher at C.A. Gray Jr. High school in Moultrie, GA. She is passionate about computers and loves sharing new technology with her students. This is her 5th year teaching. She also teaches Marketing at the Technical college level. She has an AA in Sociology from Waycross College, a BBA in Business Management from Valdosta State University, and a MBA in Marketing from Grand Canyon University. She is currently pursuing an EdS in Instructional Technology from the University of West Georgia. In the rare occasion that she has any spare time, she enjoys spending time with her family. She also enjoys spending time with her boyfriend of 2 1/2 years.She is looking forward to completing her EdS degree in December. After completing her EdS degree she hopes to obtain a position in higher education.